Deck Building
Build a deck that lasts 20+ years
A well-built deck is one of the best investments you can make in a home — it adds usable square footage and significant resale value. The key is getting the structure right: proper footings, correct joist sizing, and galvanized hardware throughout. The decking boards are the easy part.
Step-by-Step Guide
Plan and get permits
Check local codes for setback requirements, footing depth (below frost line), and railing height. Most decks over 30" off the ground require a permit. Submit plans before breaking ground.
Dig and pour footings
Dig holes below the frost line (typically 36–48" in cold climates). Use tube forms and pour concrete. Set post bases in wet concrete, checking for level and square. Let cure 48 hours minimum.
Install posts and beam
Set 4×4 or 6×6 posts in the post bases. Install the beam (doubled 2×10 or LVL) on top of posts. Check for level across the full span — this is your reference plane for everything above.
Hang joists
Install the ledger board to the house (through-bolt into rim joist, not siding). Hang joists 16" OC with joist hangers. Block the perimeter with rim joists. Check for square by measuring diagonals.
Lay decking boards
Start from the house and work out. Leave 1/8" gap between boards for drainage. Use hidden fasteners for a clean look, or face-screw with two screws per joist. Cut the outer edge with a chalk line for a clean finish.
Build railings and stairs
Posts must be bolted to the rim joist or blocking — never toe-nailed. Balusters must be spaced so a 4" sphere can't pass through. Stair stringers need proper rise/run calculation and solid footing at the base.
Pro Tips
Use structural screws (GRK or Spax) instead of nails for framing — they're stronger and easier to remove if you make a mistake.
Flash the ledger board meticulously — water infiltration behind the ledger is the #1 cause of deck rot and structural failure.
Buy 10–15% extra decking for waste from cuts and any boards with defects you'll want to reject.
Seal the end grain of all cut pressure-treated lumber with end-cut solution to prevent moisture absorption and checking.
Recommended Tools
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Materials Checklist
- Pressure-treated lumber (ground contact rated for footings)
- Concrete + tube forms for footings
- Post bases (galvanized, Simpson Strong-Tie)
- Joist hangers + structural screws
- Decking boards (PT, composite, or hardwood)
- Deck screws or hidden fasteners
- Post caps and beam hardware
- Ledger flashing (Z-flashing or self-adhesive)
- Railing posts, balusters, and top rail
- Stair stringers + treads
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